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Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung
"A wide-ranging examination of America's entry into World War II." -- Kirkus Reviews , starred review
In 1941: Fighting the Shadow War, A Divided America in a World at War , historian Marc Wortman thrillingly explores the little-known history of America's clandestine involvement in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Prior to that infamous day, America had long been involved in a shadow war. Winston Churchill, England's beleaguered new prime minister, pleaded with Franklin D. Roosevelt for help. FDR concocted ingenious ways to come to his aid, without breaking the Neutrality Acts. Launching Lend-Lease, conducting espionage at home and in South America to root out Nazi sympathizers, and waging undeclared war in the Atlantic, were just some of the tactics with which FDR battled Hitler in the shadows.
FDR also had to contend with growing isolationism and anti-Semitism as he tried to influence public opinion. While Americans were sympathetic to those being crushed under Axis power, they were unwilling to enter a foreign war. Wortman tells the story through the eyes of the powerful as well as ordinary citizens. Their stories weave throughout the intricate tapestry of events that unfold during the crucial year of 1941.
Combining military and political history, Wortman's "brisk narrative takes us across nations and oceans with a propulsive vigor that speeds the book along like a good thriller" ( The Wall Street Journal ).
"A fascinating narrative of a domestic conflict presaging America's plunge into global war." -- Booklist, starred review
Rezensionen (3)
Kirkus-Rezension
A wide-ranging examination of America's entry into World War II as the Franklin Roosevelt administration juggled the demands of an isolationist Congress and voices urging early intervention. Historian Wortman (The Bonfire: The Siege and Burning of Atlanta, 2009, etc.) sets the stage with two writers observing Hitler's 1939 invasion of Poland, the spark that ignited the European phase of the war. William Shirer, the CBS radio correspondent in Berlin, was already appalled by Nazi oppression; the other, Phillip Johnson, was among the strongest American advocates of fascism. These two represent the two faces of American reaction to the war: conviction that the U.S. would inevitably be drawn into the war and determination to avoid involvement. Wortman expands the scope of the narrative to give a good account of both viewpoints. Isolationists ran the gamut from Theodore Roosevelt Jr., who felt America should fight only in self-defense, to Charles Lindbergh, whose anti-Semitism was at least as important a factor as his belief that Germany was invincible. Meanwhile, Winston Churchill, newly elevated to prime minister, lobbied incessantly for American aid to beleaguered Britain. Germany, Japan, and Italy, convinced that America would eventually take a side, played diplomacy and espionage for all they were worth. Wortman puts all this in the context of the events in Europe and the Pacific that pressured Roosevelt to commit the country to action, including submarine attacks on Atlantic convoys and Japanese aggression in mainland Asia. Plenty of interesting characters, including Roosevelt aide Harry Hopkins and Japanese spy Takeo Yoshikawa, add spice to the story. The author displays a nice sense of the dramatic scene and a solid ear for telling quotes, and ample documentation gives readers the opportunity to look further into the history. Even readers familiar with the broad history of the era are likely to find new insights and new details of the behind-the-scenes maneuvering that preceded Pearl Harbor. An engaging and well-researched look behind the scenes of an important historic era. Highly recommended. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.
Booklist-Rezension
*Starred Review* One year before he galvanized the nation for war with his Day of Infamy speech after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, FDR heard calls for his impeachment from isolationists in Congress, who were angry that he had violated American neutrality by giving 50 aging warships to the embattled United Kingdom. In this probing chronicle of that tense year, Wortman illuminates the largely forgotten politics of a time when a fractured America debated the wisdom of joining the Allied cause in WWII. Readers watch as Charles Lindbergh and other isolationists intensify fears of American military involvement, playing on anti-Semitic prejudices. But they will marvel at how FDR outmaneuvers his political adversaries, giving rash public assurances that he will not send American forces into foreign combat, while simultaneously collaborating quietly with British intelligence officers as they covertly manipulate congressional elections involving isolationists. Of course, the public opinion that FDR seeks to shape bears the marks of prominent journalists, two of whom Wortman attends to with particular care: Philip Johnson, whose sympathies for the Nazis set him against FDR, and William Shirer, whose up-close European encounters with Hitler's minions align him with the president. A fascinating narrative of a domestic conflict presaging America's plunge into global war.--Christensen, Bryce Copyright 2016 Booklist
Choice-Rezension
In this finely written book, independent historian Wortman has crafted a superior tale of the protracted US entry into WW II. He uses the original approach of the FDR "wartime brain trust" toward "propagandizing" pro-British/Allied actions versus the indomitable pressure of the Nazis/Axis. The subplot is the opponents in the struggle, not only in Congress but also in the America First Committee and its allies. Wortman develops this drama in the way in which FDR tries to subvert the "will" of Congress via the Neutrality Act and the vote on the continuation of the Selective Service Act (draft). This is done via executive power and "fireside chats," which result in gradually wearing away isolationist tendencies between 1939 and 1941. Wortman shows FDR's strategy in two specific incidents. The president used the U-2 submarine sinking of the US merchant ship Greer to create an incident justifying active combat by the US Navy in the Atlantic. In the lead-up to Pearl Harbor, FDR let that "day of infamy" be the event to enter war versus Japan, never revealing that he expected war at some point soon because of his intercepts of Japanese wire transcripts. Overall, Wortman uses archives exceedingly well to present a balanced approach to a significant period in US history. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels/libraries. --Andrew Mark Mayer, College of Staten Island
